The pericardium is a sac of serous membranes that secretes a fluid to lubricate the heart and reduce friction. It is made of visceral and parietal layers.
2. How do arteries differ from veins in their structure?
Veins carry blood from the tissues to the heart and arteries carry blood away from the heart to the tissues. Veins have thinner walls, arteries are larger and are under higher pressure.
3. What function does the auricles serve?
They are chambers that blood enters the heart.
4. What external differences of the atria and ventricles do you observe?
The walls of the ventricles are thicker, the atrium's are above the ventricles and they are smaller than the ventricles.
5. Find the following structures, and use pictures or words to describe each.
a. Coronary Sinus: receives blood from the coronary veins, and flows into the right atrium.
b. Inferior Vena Cava: Large vein that carries deoxygenated blood into the heart. Carries blood from the lower body.
c. Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid Valve): It allows blood to flow in one direction and it prevents back flow of blood. The Tricuspid Valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
6. Draw a picture of the Tricuspid Valve including the chordate tendinae and the papillary muscle.
7. Why is the "anchoring" of the heart valves by the chordate tendineae and the papillary muscle important to heart function? They are there to prevent the tricuspid and bicuspid valves from collapsing into the atrium when it contracts.
8. Using pictures and/or words, describe what you see (bicuspid valve): It prevents back flow of blood, and allows blood to flow in one direction, it is between the left atrium and the left ventricle, and is also called the mitral valve.
9. What is the function of the semi-lunar valves? Semi-lunar valves prevents arterial blood from re-entering the heart.
10. a. If the valve disease occurs on the right side of the heart, it results in swelling in feet and ankles, why might this happen? Because the right side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood, so the feet and ankles are not getting oxygenated blood.
b. If valve disease occurs on the left side of the heart, what complications would you expect to see?
The left side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood, so deoxygenated blood would be filling up the lungs, so the lungs would swell.
11. Using pictures or words, describe what you see: The coronary tendineae connects the papillary muscle to the bicuspid valve.
12. Describe the left and right sides of the heart differ from each other?
The right side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood and the left side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood. The right side of the heart goes to the lungs and the left side comes from the lungs.
13. Draw and label all structures visible in the interior of the cross section.
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